What is the primary treatment for a patient diagnosed with compartment syndrome?

• A. Fasciotomy
• B. Amputation
• C. External fixation
• D. RICE

Answer: (A)

Fasciotomy is the primary treatment for a patient diagnosed with compartment syndrome because it directly addresses the underlying problem of elevated intra-compartmental pressure. Compartment syndrome occurs when swelling or bleeding within a closed muscle compartment increases pressure to critical levels, compromising blood flow and potentially leading to irreversible muscle and nerve damage.

Performing a fasciotomy involves making incisions in the fascia, the connective tissue surrounding the muscle compartments, which relieves the pressure and restores blood flow. This intervention is crucial for preventing permanent damage to the affected muscles and nerves.

While options like amputation and external fixation may be considered in severe or complicated cases, they are not primary treatments for compartment syndrome. Amputation is a last-resort measure for limb preservation and would only be indicated if there is severe necrosis or irreversible damage. External fixation may be used for fracture stabilization or in specific trauma cases but does not address the immediate need to relieve compartment pressure. RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) may be beneficial in managing various musculoskeletal conditions but is inadequate for treating compartment syndrome, where rapid surgical intervention is critical.