What characterizes a Galeazzi fracture?

• A. Fracture of the distal ulna with a radial dislocation
• B. Fracture of the radial head with an ulna shaft fracture
• C. Radial fracture at the wrist with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint
• D. Fracture of the scaphoid bone

Answer: (C)

The Galeazzi fracture is specifically characterized by a fracture of the distal radius in conjunction with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. This type of injury is often the result of a fall on an outstretched hand or direct trauma to the wrist. The mechanism behind the injury leads to the disruption of the normal alignment between the radius and ulna due to the instability caused by the fracture and subsequent dislocation.

Understanding that this injury involves both the structural integrity of the radius as well as the stability of the distal radioulnar joint is crucial. The dislocation differs from other types of fractures in that it not only presents a fracture but also involves a joint that governs the complex movements of the forearm and wrist.

This pattern distinguishes it from other types of fractures that might involve different bones or joints, such as the fracture of the scaphoid or injuries that isolate the ulna or radial head. Notably, each of those alternatives represents different trauma types and anatomic locations, which helps to contextualize why they do not fit the specific criteria for identifying a Galeazzi fracture.